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17-hydroxyprogesterone
17-hydroxyprogesterone is a steroid building block made mostly by the adrenal glands, with smaller amounts from the ovaries and testes. It sits midway in the body’s pathway for making cortisol, the main stress hormone. The molecule is created when progesterone is modified by a specific adrenal enzyme (17α-hydroxylase, CYP17A1). At home blood testing is available in select states. See FAQs below
AMH (anti-Müllerian hormone)
Anti-Müllerian hormone is a signaling protein made by the ovaries’ small, growing egg sacs (granulosa cells of preantral and small antral follicles). It’s called “anti-Müllerian” At home blood testing is available in select states. See FAQs below
Cardio IQ Insulin
Cardio IQ Insulin blood testing measures the amount of insulin circulating in your blood. Insulin is a protein hormone (peptide) made by beta cells in the pancreas (islets of Langerhans). Rising blood sugar prompts these cells to process a precursor (proinsulin) and release insulin, along with C-peptide, into the circulation. At home blood testing is available in select states. See FAQs below
DHEA Sulfate (DHEA-S)
DHEA-S is the sulfated, storage form of the hormone DHEA made mainly by the adrenal glands. In blood, it appears as a stable pool that the body can draw on. Most DHEA-S comes from the adrenal cortex (zona reticularis), with smaller contributions from the ovaries or testes and the brain. At home blood testing is available in select states. See FAQs below
Estradiol
Estradiol blood testing measures the principal estrogen in the body, estradiol. This steroid hormone is made mainly by the ovaries before menopause, in smaller amounts by the testes, and to a lesser degree by the adrenal glands and body fat through conversion of androgens (aromatization). During pregnancy, the placenta becomes a major source. At home blood testing is available in select states. See FAQs below
Estradiol (ultrasensitive)
Estradiol is the body’s primary estrogen (17β‑estradiol, E2). It is made mainly in the ovaries, with smaller amounts produced in fat tissue and the adrenal glands via aromatase, and in the testes in men; during pregnancy, the placenta becomes a major source. At home blood testing is available in select states. See FAQs below
Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) is a signaling hormone in your bloodstream, made by the front part of the pituitary gland at the base of the brain (anterior pituitary gonadotropin). Specialized pituitary cells release FSH under cues from the brain (gonadotropin-releasing hormone, GnRH). At home blood testing is available in select states. See FAQs below
Free Androgen Index (FAI)
The Free Androgen Index (FAI) is a calculated number derived from a blood test; it is not a hormone itself. It uses two measured players: total testosterone, the main androgen made primarily by the testes or ovaries and also by the adrenal glands, and sex hormone–binding globulin (SHBG), a transport protein produced by the liver. At home blood testing is available in select states. See FAQs below
Glucose, plasma
Plasma glucose is the amount of simple sugar (glucose) dissolved in the liquid part of your blood (plasma). It comes from the digestion and absorption of carbohydrates in the small intestine and from your liver, which releases glucose by breaking down stored glycogen and by making new glucose from non‑carbohydrate sources (glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis). At home blood testing is available in select states. See FAQs below
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
Luteinizing hormone (LH) is a chemical messenger made in the front part of the pituitary gland in the brain (anterior pituitary). Its release is prompted by signals from the hypothalamus (gonadotropin-releasing hormone, GnRH). LH is a glycoprotein produced by specialized pituitary cells (gonadotrophs). At home blood testing is available in select states. See FAQs below
Mercury, blood
Mercury in blood testing measures the amount of mercury circulating in your bloodstream. Mercury is a toxic metal that people encounter mainly through diet and environment. Most everyday exposure comes from eating fish and shellfish that contain methylmercury; other exposures can occur by breathing in mercury vapor (elemental mercury) during certain jobs or spills, or from contact with inorganic mercury in some products. At home blood testing is available in select states. See FAQs below
Progesterone
Progesterone is a natural hormone made mainly by the ovaries after ovulation, and by the placenta during pregnancy; smaller amounts come from the adrenal glands (and testes). It is a cholesterol‑derived steroid (a C21 progestogen) that circulates in the bloodstream bound to carrier proteins. At home blood testing is available in select states. See FAQs below
Progesterone
Progesterone blood testing measures the amount of progesterone circulating in your bloodstream. Progesterone is a steroid hormone made chiefly by the ovary after ovulation (corpus luteum) and later by the placenta during pregnancy; smaller amounts are produced by the adrenal glands and, in men, the testes. At home blood testing is available in select states. See FAQs below
Prolactin
Prolactin blood testing measures the level of prolactin, a protein hormone (polypeptide) made mainly in the front part of the pituitary gland (anterior pituitary) by lactotroph cells. Its release is normally held back by signals from the brain’s dopamine system (hypothalamic dopamine). Prolactin naturally rises in pregnancy, after childbirth, with nipple stimulation, and during sleep. At home blood testing is available in select states. See FAQs below
Prolactin
Prolactin is a protein-based hormone that circulates in the blood, made primarily by specialized cells in the front of the pituitary gland at the base of the brain (lactotrophs in the anterior pituitary). Its release is kept under steady brake control by dopamine from a nearby brain region (the hypothalamus). At home blood testing is available in select states. See FAQs below
Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA), Free
Free PSA is the portion of prostate-specific antigen in the bloodstream that is not attached to other proteins. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is an enzyme made by prostate gland cells and released mainly into semen; in scientific terms it is a serine protease in the kallikrein family (kallikrein-related peptidase 3, KLK3). At home blood testing is available in select states. See FAQs below
Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA), Total
Prostate-specific antigen is a protein enzyme made almost exclusively by the prostate’s glandular cells. It belongs to the kallikrein family of serine proteases (KLK3) and is normally secreted into seminal fluid. Most PSA remains within the ejaculate, but a small fraction passes through the prostate ducts and surrounding tissue into the bloodstream. At home blood testing is available in select states. See FAQs below
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin (SHBG)
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin (SHBG) is a carrier protein made by the liver that binds and transports sex hormones in the blood. It has a strong attraction for testosterone and dihydrotestosterone, and a moderate one for estradiol (sex steroids; hepatocyte-derived high-affinity glycoprotein). At home blood testing is available in select states. See FAQs below
Testosterone, Bioavailable
Bioavailable testosterone is the portion of testosterone in your bloodstream that can readily reach and activate cells. Testosterone is made primarily in the testes and ovaries, with a smaller amount from the adrenal glands. In blood, most testosterone is bound tightly to a carrier protein, sex hormone–binding globulin (SHBG), which keeps it largely unavailable. At home blood testing is available in select states. See FAQs below
Testosterone / Estradiol (T:E2)
Testosterone/Estradiol (T:E2) blood testing measures the levels of two key sex hormones and expresses their balance as a ratio. Testosterone is the leading “androgen” made mainly in the testes in males and the ovaries in females, with smaller amounts from the adrenal glands (androgen). At home blood testing is available in select states. See FAQs below
Testosterone, Free
Free testosterone is the small portion of the hormone testosterone that circulates in blood without being attached to carrier proteins. Testosterone is produced mainly in the testes and, in smaller amounts, in the ovaries and adrenal glands. Most of it travels bound to sex hormone-binding globulin and albumin; only a small fraction is unbound. At home blood testing is available in select states. See FAQs below
Testosterone, Total
Total testosterone is a blood measurement of the overall amount of the sex hormone testosterone circulating in your body. Testosterone is a steroid hormone (an androgen) made primarily in the testes (Leydig cells) and, in all sexes, in smaller amounts by the ovaries and adrenal glands (adrenal cortex). At home blood testing is available in select states. See FAQs below
Thyroid antibodies
Thyroid antibodies are immune proteins in the blood that recognize and attach to parts of the thyroid gland. They are made by B cells when the immune system mistakenly targets the thyroid’s own proteins. The main types are directed against thyroid peroxidase and thyroglobulin, which are enzyme and storage proteins inside the gland, and against the thyroid‑stimulating hormone receptor on thyroid cells (anti‑TPO, anti‑Tg, and TSH receptor antibodies/TRAb). At home blood testing is available in select states. See FAQs below
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